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OTP required for all users

In this page, we will show you how to implement an MFA policy that requires all users to complete a OTP challenge before they get access to your application. The OTP can be sent via emial or phone.

note

We assume that the first factor is email password or social login, but the same set of steps will be applicable for other first factor types as well.

Single tenant setup#

Backend setup#

To start with, we configure the backend in the following way:

import supertokens, { User, RecipeUserId, } from "supertokens-node";
import { UserContext } from "supertokens-node/types";
import ThirdParty from "supertokens-node/recipe/thirdparty"
import EmailPassword from "supertokens-node/recipe/emailpassword"
import MultiFactorAuth from "supertokens-node/recipe/multifactorauth"
import Passwordless from "supertokens-node/recipe/passwordless"
import Session from "supertokens-node/recipe/session"
import AccountLinking from "supertokens-node/recipe/accountlinking"
import { AccountInfoWithRecipeId } from "supertokens-node/recipe/accountlinking/types";
import { SessionContainerInterface } from "supertokens-node/recipe/session/types";

supertokens.init({
    supertokens: {
        connectionURI: "..."
    },
    appInfo: {
        appName: "...",
        apiDomain: "...",
        websiteDomain: "..."
    },
    recipeList: [
        Session.init(),
        ThirdParty.init({
            //...
        }),
        EmailPassword.init({
            //...
        }),
        Passwordless.init({
            contactMethod: "EMAIL",
            flowType: "USER_INPUT_CODE"
        }),
        AccountLinking.init({
            shouldDoAutomaticAccountLinking: async (newAccountInfo: AccountInfoWithRecipeId & { recipeUserId?: RecipeUserId }, user: User | undefined, session: SessionContainerInterface | undefined, tenantId: string, userContext: UserContext) => {
                if (session === undefined) {
                    // we do not want to do first factor account linking by default. To enable that,
                    // please see the automatic account linking docs in the recipe docs for your first factor.
                    return {
                        shouldAutomaticallyLink: false
                    };
                }
                if (user === undefined || session.getUserId() === user.id) {
                    // if it comes here, it means that a session exists, and we are trying to link the 
                    // newAccountInfo to the session user, which means it's an MFA flow, so we enable 
                    // linking here.
                    return {
                        shouldAutomaticallyLink: true,
                        shouldRequireVerification: false
                    }
                }
                return {
                    shouldAutomaticallyLink: false
                };
            }
        }),
        MultiFactorAuth.init({
            firstFactors: [
                MultiFactorAuth.FactorIds.EMAILPASSWORD,
                MultiFactorAuth.FactorIds.THIRDPARTY
            ],
            override: {
                functions: (originalImplementation) => {
                    return {
                        ...originalImplementation,
                        getMFARequirementsForAuth: async function (input) {
                            return [MultiFactorAuth.FactorIds.OTP_EMAIL]
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    ]
})

  • Notice that we have initialised the Passwordless recipe in the recipeList. In this example, we only want to enable email based OTP, so we set the contactMethod to EMAIL and flowType to USER_INPUT_CODE (i.e. otp). If instead, you want to use phone sms based OTP, you should set the contact method to PHONE. If you want to give users both the options, or for some users use email, and for others use phone, you should set contactMethod to EMAIL_OR_PHONE.

  • We have also enabled the account linking feature since it's required for MFA to work. The above enables account linking for second factor only, but if you also want to enable it for first factor, see this section.

  • Notice that we have set shouldRequireVerification: false for account linking. It means that the second factor can be linked to the first factor even though the first factor is not verified. If you want to do email verification of the first factor before setting up the second factor (for example if the first factor is email password, and the second is phone OTP), then you can set this boolean to true, and also init the email verification recipe on the frontend and backend in REQUIRED mode.

  • We also override the getMFARequirementsForAuth function to indicate that otp-email must be completed before the user can access the app. Notice that we do not check for the userId there, and return otp-email for all users. You can also return otp-phone instead if you want users to complete the OTP challenge via a phone SMS. Finally, if you want to give users an option for email or phone, you can return the following array from the function:

    [{
        "oneOf": ["otp-email", "otp-phone"]
    }]

Once the user finishes the first factor (for example, with emailpassword), their session access token payload will look like this:

{
    "st-mfa": {
        "c": {
            "emailpassword": 1702877939,
        },
        "v": false
    }
}

The v being false indicates that there are still factors that are pending. After the user has finished otp-email, the payload will look like:

{
    "st-mfa": {
        "c": {
            "emailpassword": 1702877939,
            "otp-email": 1702877999
        },
        "v": true
    }
}

Indicating that the user has finished all required factors, and should be allowed to access the app.

caution

If you are already using Passwordless or ThirdPartyPasswordless in your app as a first factor, you do not need to explicitly initialise the Passwordless recipe again. You just have to make sure that the contactMethod and flowType are set correctly.

Frontend setup#

We start by modifying the init function call on the frontend like so:

import supertokens from "supertokens-auth-react"
import ThirdParty from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/thirdparty"
import EmailPassword from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/emailpassword"
import Passwordless from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/passwordless"
import MultiFactorAuth from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/multifactorauth"

supertokens.init({
    appInfo: {
        appName: "...",
        apiDomain: "...",
        websiteDomain: "...",
    },
    recipeList: [
        ThirdParty.init(/* ... */),
        EmailPassword.init( /* ... */),
        Passwordless.init({
            contactMethod: "EMAIL"
        }),
        MultiFactorAuth.init({
            firstFactors: [
                MultiFactorAuth.FactorIds.EMAILPASSWORD,
                MultiFactorAuth.FactorIds.THIRDPARTY
            ]
        })
    ]
})
  • Just like on the backend, we init the passwordless recipe in the recipeList. The contactMethod needs to be consistent with the backend setting.
  • We also init the MultiFactorAuth recipe, and pass in the first factors that we want to use. In this case, that would be emailpassword and thirdparty - same as the backend.

Next, we need to add the Passwordless pre built UI when rendering the SuperTokens component:

Do you use react-router-dom?
YesNo

With the above configuration, users will see emailpassword or social login UI when they visit the auth page. After completing that, users will be redirected to /auth/mfa/otp-email (assuming that the websiteBasePath is /auth) where they will be asked to complete the OTP challenge. The UI for this screen looks like:

  • Factor Setup UI (This is in case the first factor doesn't provide an email for the user. In our example, the first factor does provide an email since it's email password or social login).
  • Verification UI.
caution

If you are already using Passwordless or ThirdPartyPasswordless in your app as a first factor, you do not need to explicitly initialise the Passwordless recipe again. You just have to make sure that the contactMethod is set correctly.

Multi tenant setup#

In a multi tenancy setup, you may want to enable email / phone OTP for all users, across all tenants, or for all users within specific tenants. For enabling for all users across all tenants, it's the same steps as in the single tenant setup section above, so in this section, we will focus on enabling OTP for all users within specific tenants.

Backend setup#

To start, we will initialise the Passwordless and the MultiFactorAuth recipes in the following way:

import supertokens, { User, RecipeUserId, } from "supertokens-node";
import { UserContext } from "supertokens-node/types";
import ThirdParty from "supertokens-node/recipe/thirdparty"
import EmailPassword from "supertokens-node/recipe/emailpassword"
import MultiFactorAuth from "supertokens-node/recipe/multifactorauth"
import Passwordless from "supertokens-node/recipe/passwordless"
import Session from "supertokens-node/recipe/session"
import { AccountInfoWithRecipeId } from "supertokens-node/recipe/accountlinking/types";
import { SessionContainerInterface } from "supertokens-node/recipe/session/types";
import AccountLinking from "supertokens-node/recipe/accountlinking";

supertokens.init({
    supertokens: {
        connectionURI: "..."
    },
    appInfo: {
        appName: "...",
        apiDomain: "...",
        websiteDomain: "..."
    },
    recipeList: [
        Session.init(),
        ThirdParty.init({
            //...
        }),
        EmailPassword.init({
            //...
        }),
        Passwordless.init({
            contactMethod: "EMAIL",
            flowType: "USER_INPUT_CODE"
        }),
        AccountLinking.init({
            shouldDoAutomaticAccountLinking: async (newAccountInfo: AccountInfoWithRecipeId & { recipeUserId?: RecipeUserId }, user: User | undefined, session: SessionContainerInterface | undefined, tenantId: string, userContext: UserContext) => {
                if (session === undefined) {
                    // we do not want to do first factor account linking by default. To enable that,
                    // please see the automatic account linking docs in the recipe docs for your first factor.
                    return {
                        shouldAutomaticallyLink: false
                    };
                }
                if (user === undefined || session.getUserId() === user.id) {
                    // if it comes here, it means that a session exists, and we are trying to link the 
                    // newAccountInfo to the session user, which means it's an MFA flow, so we enable 
                    // linking here.
                    return {
                        shouldAutomaticallyLink: true,
                        shouldRequireVerification: false
                    }
                }
                return {
                    shouldAutomaticallyLink: false
                };
            }
        }),
        MultiFactorAuth.init()
    ]
})

Unlike the single tenant setup, we do not provide any config to the MultiFactorAuth recipe cause all the necessary configuration will be done on a tenant level.

Enable EmailPassword and ThirdParty, OTP-Email

As shown above, enable Email Password and Third Party in the Login methods section and enable OTP - Email in the Secondary Factors Section.

Once the user finishes the first factor (for example, with emailpassword), their session access token payload will look like this:

{
    "st-mfa": {
        "c": {
            "emailpassword": 1702877939,
        },
        "v": false
    }
}

The v being false indicates that there are still factors that are pending. After the user has finished otp-email challenge, the payload will look like:

{
    "st-mfa": {
        "c": {
            "emailpassword": 1702877939,
            "otp-email": 1702877999
        },
        "v": true
    }
}

Indicating that the user has finished all required factors, and should be allowed to access the app.

caution

If you are already using Passwordless or ThirdPartyPasswordless in your app as a first factor, you do not need to explicitly initialise the Passwordless recipe again. You just have to make sure that the contactMethod and flowType are set correctly.

Frontend setup#

We start by modifying the init function call on the frontend like so:

import supertokens from "supertokens-auth-react"
import ThirdParty from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/thirdparty"
import EmailPassword from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/emailpassword"
import MultiFactorAuth from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/multifactorauth"
import Passwordless from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/passwordless"
import Multitenancy from "supertokens-auth-react/recipe/multitenancy"

supertokens.init({
    appInfo: {
        appName: "...",
        apiDomain: "...",
        websiteDomain: "...",
    },
    usesDynamicLoginMethods: true,
    recipeList: [
        ThirdParty.init({
            //...
        }),
        EmailPassword.init({
            //...
        }),
        Passwordless.init({
            contactMethod: "EMAIL"
        }),
        MultiFactorAuth.init(),
        Multitenancy.init({
            override: {
                functions: (originalImplementation) => {
                    return {
                        ...originalImplementation,
                        getTenantId: async (context) => {
                            return "TODO"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    ]
})
  • Just like on the backend, we init the Passwordless recipe in the recipeList. Make sure that the config for it is consistent with whats on the backend.
  • We also init the MultiFactorAuth recipe. Notice that unlike the single tenant setup, we do not specify the firstFactors here. That information is fetched based on the tenantId you provide the SDK with.
  • We have set usesDynamicLoginMethods: true so that the SDK knows to fetch the login methods dynamically based on the tenantId.
  • Finally, we init the multi tenancy recipe and provide a method for getting the tenantId.

Next, we need to add the Passwordless pre built UI when rendering the SuperTokens component:

Do you use react-router-dom?
YesNo

With the above configuration, users will see the first and second factor based on the tenant configuration. For the tenant we configured above, users will see email password or social login first. After completing that, users will be redirected to /auth/mfa/otp-email (assuming that the websiteBasePath is /auth) where they will be asked complete the OTP challenge. The UI for this screen looks like:

  • Factor Setup UI (This is in case the first factor doesn't provide an email for the user. In our example, the first factor does provide an email since it's email password or social login).
  • Verification UI.
caution

If you are already using Passwordless or ThirdPartyPasswordless in your app as a first factor, you do not need to explicitly initialise the Passwordless recipe again. You just have to make sure that the contactMethod is set correctly.

Protecting frontend and backend routes#

See the section on protecting frontend and backend routes.

Email / SMS sending and design#

By default, the email template used for otp-email login is as shown here, and the default SMS template is as shown here. The method for sending them is via an email and sms sending service that we provide.

If you would like to learn more about this, or change the content of the email, or the method by which they are sent, checkout the email / sms delivery section in the recipe docs:

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